Top Art Galleries To Visit in Europe

One of the best experience when touring Europe is to visit its top galleries and museums. Whether you are in Germany, France, England, Austria, Belgium, Italy or any European countries, there are always interesting and fine galleries to explore. The travel and book pr experts from Taylor Herring made a research about these worth to see museums in Europe.

1) Gemaldegalerie, Berlin

Gemaldegalerie, Berlin has possibly the finest collection of European paintings in Germany, displaying works by such great artists as, Rembrandt, Dürer and Raphael.

2) The Musée d’Orsay, Paris

The Musée d’Orsay, Paris has a superior assortment of impressionist and 19th century French paintings. It houses many works from the masters, such as van Gogh, Renoir, and Monet.

3) The Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

The Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna is one of the foremost museums on the globe. It accommodates a number of historic paintings, as well as an exceptional assortment of European works of art.

some of the paintings inside the Louvre Museum during my visit last March 2009.

4) The Louvre Museum, Paris

The Louvre Museum or Musée du Louvre, in Paris, is one of the most renowned and largest museums in the world. The museum is part of the Louvre Palace, and houses 35,000 pieces of historic and contemporary artwork.

5) Contemporary British gallery in Chelsea, London

The Contemporary British gallery in Chelsea, London, England displays works of art from both well-known and up-and-coming British artists. Perfectly situated in the middle of London, on King’s Road, Chelsea, this unique gallery boasts spacious rooms and high ceilings.

6) The Victoria and Albert Museum, London

The Victoria and Albert Museum of London has made history all over the world with its rare offerings. The popular gallery contains exhibits from some of the most notorious painters on the globe. The current works of art are from the modern era with paintings from such controversial artists as Ray and Aalto.

7) The Federal Republic of Germany Art Hall

The Federal Republic of Germany Art Hall is one of the premiere galleries on earth. Housed by Germany’s oldest structure, the stunning exhibits rotate on a continual basis, which tempts art lovers to visit often. Gallery employees work diligently to provide the appropriate ambience to the building and the pieces of art with high style and low lights.

8) Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels

Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels is Belgium’s leading Museum. It contains a superior compilation of Flemish paintings, including Jacques Louis David’s famous “Death of Marat.”

9) The Fitzwilliam Gallery of Cambridge

The Fitzwilliam Gallery of Cambridge is a flourishing museum. It features Wartime art with images from both world wars. There are also many works of art on exhibit painted by World War II soldiers.

10) The National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh

The National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh is the leading Art Museum in Scotland. It houses a superior assortment of European paintings, including the “Madonna of the roses” by Sandro Botticelli.

 

Go Travel and See Zurich, Switzerland

I was able to visit the largest city in Switzerland last December 2010. The highlight of our trip was the visit to the largest indoor Christmas market located inside the main train station in Zurich.

This city is located in central Switzerland and also the capital of the canton of Zurich. Although it was very cold during our visit because it was winter anyway, I still had the chance to enjoy our sightseeing. I wish I can visit this city again during summer season.

view of Zurich from the Grossmünster. taken during our Christmas trip last December 2010. I believed the tower you see in the picture is the Fraumünster, a church in Switzerland.
 

Vacation Destinations- Five Unique Places to Visit

Our world contains some truly amazing places to visit! For a vacation that will create memories that will truly last a lifetime, check one (or more!) of these places out today.

1) PARIS (FRANCE)

World class cuisine, the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral are the main attractions that most people think of when they think of “Paris”. But this city has so much more to offer! Consider a trip though the ancient Parisian catacombs for an unforgettable adventure. As far as nightlife is concerned, why not take a trip through the red light district and check out the Moulin Rouge? While there you can see the home of Pablo Picasso.

the Seine River in Paris and the Eiffel Tower in the background during my second visit to this beautiful city last August 2010.

2) TOKYO (JAPAN)

Exotic beauty abounds in this effervescent, thriving jewel of the Far East. Many believe the history of Tokyo actually goes all the way back to the 7th century, BC. This gives the city a rather unique history. While in Tokyo be sure to check out the Kabukiza Theatre to see traditional Japanese Kubuki performances, a once-in-a-lifetime experience. At nightfall, make it a point to see if Tokyo really is the most haunted city in the world by seeking out one of the haunted Tokyo tours.

3) NEW YORK CITY (UNITED STATES)

From strolling through Central Park to visiting the Statue of Liberty to just taking in the incredible sites and sounds on Times Square, this city truly has it all! New York City has a nightlife that is beyond compare. From taking in a show on Broadway to visiting one of the city’s famous nightclubs, there is something for everyone.

4) CAPE TOWN (SOUTH AFRICA)

In terms of uniqueness, Cape Town is high up on the list. The beauty of Table Mountain and the stunning Western Cape meet a buzzing, melting pot of cultures, alongside awe inspiring wine lands. On the southern tip of Africa, Cape Town offers a night life to rival major capital cities but has a warm climate, amazing flora and fauna, beaches and countryside. With a low cost of living, plentiful Cape Town holiday villas to rent and friendly residents, visitors find themselves astounded with all that Cape Town has to offer.

5) SYDNEY (AUSTRALIA)

Where else in the world can you experience both ancient, unique mountains and incredible beaches? Sydney’s mountains are rich in eucalyptus filled valleys and are part of the second oldest national park in the world. The beaches of Sydney and New South Wales are known the world over as a mecca for incredible surfing.

We live in a world full of incredibly beautiful places. Whether you are touring Europe, visiting Asian countries, the Americas, there are always beautiful and interesting places around. Be sure to take some time out from the busy lives we all seem to lead these days and appreciate it.

 

The Best Golf Courses in Scotland

There is no experience that can compare to playing golf on Scotland’s 4 best golf courses. The home of golf as the modern world understands it began in this beautiful land. Scotland is one of the most unique cultures in the world and playing the game of golf here is a fantastic journey. Kings have wiled hours away and servants have found golf a restful pastime. Golf is a game that knows a multiple of social levels and genders. Man, matching his mind and skill against the land, the elements and the game. Thanks to the Sport PR experts from Taylor Herring for compiling the best golf courses in this beautiful country.

1) Downfield Golf Club, Dundee

This beautiful course overlooks the picturesque coastal area with light house and moor. The lovely championship golf course located along Scotland’s beautiful coast looking up on the Firth of Clyde. Tranquillity is a motivation from playing golf in this beautiful land, green hills extending into the sea.

2) Kingsbarns Golf Link, St Andrews Fife

This is a breath taking resort by the sea. Savor the vastness of the Ocean while you drive a hole in one. Use links with St Andrews and Fife, one of the world’s most exclusive golf resorts. Relaxing, exhilarating the country of Scotland is a must play golfing adventure. Find the place of your golfing dreams; play in the land of golf’s birth – try staying in a golf hotel in Fife near the course. In this environment golf takes on a different feeling, a meaning that is part of the land itself.

3) Muir

Muir, established in the 1774, this exclusive membership in the golfing world is the longest running golf club in the modern world. This Scottish club established the original 13 rules of the game. Playing on this golf course the elements are always your challenge as you play in the solace of windswept trees. Sea land and green plateaus are the signatures of this gorgeous golf resorts backdrop.

4) Rosemount Course, Blairegowrie Perthshire

The lush grass and beautiful tree lined fairway where Silver Birch and lovely Pines stand as witness to a golfers great achievements or failures. This course with its spectacular landscaping gives the added chance to play at Lansdowne.

A golfing holiday is a wonderful way to polish your game. Scotland’s four best golf courses have developed over the years adding impressive changes to the facilities and defining the game the world loves so well. Take a golfing holiday at any one of these beautiful golfing resorts. The Scottish have trained and cultivated the game and the greens, making Scotland like no other place in the world to play golf. This is also one of the reasons why Scotland is one of the most interesting European countries to visit.

 

Top 5 Must-Visit Destination in Scotland

Scotland is a wonderfully diverse country in the north western part of Europe. This country has rich and strong culture and has a great tradition of festival, arts and literature. Scotland has a lot to offer virtually to all its tourists and visitors. Don’t miss to include this country when you will be touring Europe in the future.

1) Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum

This free gallery/museum has recently become the number one tourist attraction after completing a 3 year remodeling effort in 2006. Found in Kelvingrove which is located opposite of Glasgow University, this museum hosts a broad collection of paintings and artefacts. The building itself is constructed using the finest Victorian (red sandstone) architecture and shows off Scotland’s rich history through an extensive collection that has been accumulated over more than two centuries.

Additionally, there are sections focused on education such as the Study Centre, the History and Discovery Centre and the Multimedia Object Cinema. Exhibition halls featuring major fields of study like Archaeology and Zoology (with relative exhibits) are also available.

2) Edinburgh Castle and its Royal Mile

Edinburgh Castle is built on the remnants of an extinct volcano and provides breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. From the royal mile below, the Scottish castle is a grandiose spectacle especially at night whilst illuminated. A thousand years worth of history sits atop this rock as evidenced by the statues guarding the gates of the castle. These statues represent two of Scotland’s most famous historical characters, Robert the Bruce and William Wallace.

August is the best time to visit the castle and mile because that is when the Edinburgh Fringe Festival is held. During the festival, the Military Tattoo is staged at the castle for 3 weeks. The over 50 year performance is a parade of the pipes and drums of the Scottish regiments.

Edinburgh’s Royal Mile leads up to the castle and boasts the world’s first skyscrapers, the Scottish Parliament building and Giles Cathedral.

Loch Lomond, Scotland is the largest lake in Great Britain.

3) Glasgow Science Centre

300 hands-on exhibits, interactive workshops, live science shows and an IMAX Theatre can be enjoyed this tourist attraction. But the highlights are the 105m tall Glasgow Tower which is the only tower in the world to rotate 360 degrees from the ground up and the Science Mall that houses the Scottish Power Planetarium and a climate change theatre, along with three floors of interactive exhibits.

4) The Royal Yacht Britannia

Visits to the yacht start at the Visitor Centre. Located on the 2nd floor of the ocean terminal, tourists can learn of the yachts incredible history before boarding. The tour can last up to 2 hours and provides insight into the life of the royal family and those that worked aboard the ship.

Guests are first welcomed through the Royal Brow and taken on a personal tour, they are then herded into the State Apartments for cocktails and whatnot. Afterward, special events are held including a speech given by one of Britain’s past admirals and a viewing of the Royal Collection. A tour of the ship from the bridge to the engine room is also provided

5) The Falkirk Wheel

Completed in 2002 in the town of Falkirk, the waterway structure connects Edinburgh and Glasgow via canal; making it easily accessible from both cities. An extraordinary feat of engineering, it is the only rotating boat lift in the world. Carrying eight or more boats at a time, the wheel scoops them out of the water and places them either up or downstream on the waterway between the two cities.

The Visitor Centre provides a great view of the wheel in action and is free of charge. Along with the standard food court and gift shop, the centre also possesses an interactive exhibition and a “fun factory” for children. For those tourists looking for an up close look, the centre provides a hour long boat tour.

For your travel infos, Scottish currency is the Pound Sterling (£). You can apply for a prepaid currency card before travelling this country. Accommodation in Scotland is also not a problem because there are hostels, bed and breakfast, hotels and cottages to stay in.

 

Sightseeing in England- Top Places To Visit

There are a lot of stunning and worth-seeing towns and cities to visit in England. During my three weeks holiday tour, I was able to visit beautiful and interesting places there. Here are some of it.

the London Eye at night. sorry guys my picture is not so good. I rode this Ferris wheel alone and I took this image after I rode it.

LONDON

A megacity that is worth-visiting. It is comparable with other global cities in Europe like Paris in France and Berlin, Germany. London is the largest city and the capital of England and United Kingdom. I was able to visit this city twice during my 3-weeks England vacation. During my first visit, me and my friend stayed in a cheap apartments near Marylebone station.

I had seen some of its famous sights like the Tower Bridge, London Eye, Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, the Big Ben and the Parliament , Trafalgar Square, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Madame Tussaud, Piccadilly Circus and a lot more.

I wish I can witness the 2012 Olympics in England. I need to save money for that.

MANCHESTER

I am always thinking of Manchester United everytime I remember Manchester. I always see this Football Team in Television and that was also the reason why I want to visit this city last 2008. I did not really saw much of Manchester because a day-visit in this city is just not enough to see everything. At least, I saw some of its landmark like the Manchester Town Hall, the University of Manchester, the Wheel of Manchester (a huge Ferris wheel), the Piccadilly and some other more.

Manchester is famous worldwide for its football clubs like the Manchester United and Manchester City.

LEEDS

My visit to this city was quite memorable because I was able to witness the Christmas market held last 2008. Leeds is a beautiful city located in West Yorkshire, England. This city is also considered to be UK’s largest centre for business, legal and financial outside of London.

the Victoria Quarter, a famous mall in Leeds. see embedded date in the image, that was the date I was there.

For some Leeds might not be a traditional tourist destination but it has still a lot to give to to its visitors. I am happy and contented to see and experience some of its sights. The Town Hall, Millennium Square, Victoria Quarter, Kirkgate Market and Corn Exchange are only some of the interesting sights I visited there.

BIRMINGHAM

The city where I had the chance to visit for a lot of times. Birmingham is an industrial city in West Midlands in Great Britain. It is also the second largest city outside of London in terms of population .

There are a lot of things to do and to experience in this city. A cruise in Birmingham canals, shopping in its famous mall named the Bullring, visiting its museums and galleries, clubbing in Britain’s most popular clubs, are only some of the activities you can do in Birmingham.

I considered England as one of the best travel destinations in Europe. Some other places and sights I visited there include the Windsor Castle, Warwick Castle, Stratford Upon Avon, Yorkshire, Knaresborough, Northfield and Harrogate. I am still trying to remember the others. Special thanks to all my friends for everything like accommodation, tours, food and most of all their kindness and hospitality.

 

Visit to the Beautiful Capital Cities of Germany

Germany is a beautiful and diverse country. It promises you of the most interesting travel experiences in Europe being a unified, wealthy and industrial country. Many of the architectural and historical treasures were lost during World War II but many and even most has been restored.

The French Cathedral (in German: Französischer Dom) located in Gendarmenmarkt in Berlin. It is older as the German Cathedral, built by the Huguenot community between 1701 and 1705.
taken during my visit last February 2011.

It is a land that has a lot to offer to its guests and visitors. Whether you want to spend your holiday to see and experience Oktoberfest, the famous and biggest festival in the world held annually in Munich, Rhineland wine festival, the Fasching or carnival in Mainz, Cologne and Düsseldorf-the opportunities for celebration are endless.

You can actually find budget holidays to Germany. There are also this so-called Tailor Made holiday to guide you on where, what and when to spend your vacation not only in Germany but also in any European countries. Depending on the seasons of the year, visiting this country and experience its culture and tradition can be a fascinating and superb travel.

Here are some of the most interesting capital cities to visit in the different states of Germany.

Berlin

I find Germany’s capital and biggest city very interesting. It is a huge city and visiting it for a day or two to explore everything is not enough. My friends from Berlin told me that I need around a month to see most of Berlin. It is a world and international city that ranks along with Paris and London.

Some famous sights include, the Bundestag, Brandenburg Gate, Berlin Cathedral, Gendarmenmarkt and a lot more. I just can’t enumerate everything. Berlin can offer everything from shopping to night life, cinemas, restaurants, museums, galleries, churches and cathedrals-just name it and Berlin have it all.

The Zwinger Palace in Dresden. taken during our visit last May 2011.

Dresden

A very beautiful capital of the state of the Free State of Saxony (Sachsen). I finally had the chance to visit it last month. As usual a day visit here is not enough to see and explore everything. At least I am glad and contented to see some of its main sights. The famous Semperoper (Semper Opera House), the beautiful Zwinger Palace, the Frauenkirche or Church of Our Lady, Fürstenzug or Parade of the Royals, Albertinum Museum are only some of its interesting sights to see.

Stuttgart

The capital city of Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 states of Germany is also well-worth to visit. I had been to this city last year and I love it. I had also witnessed the Cansttater Wasen, the second largest fun-fair in the world next to Oktoberfest in Munich. It was totally a very nice trip I had here last year.

Don’t miss to visit some of its famous sights; the New Palace and Old Palace, its Market Hall, Main Train Station, Schlossplatz or Castle Square, Domkirche St. Eberhard (St. Eberhard’s Cathedral Church) and so many more. If you love cars, you might also want to go inside the Mercedes-Benz and Porsche Museums. There are also beautiful gardens and parks in the area.

Munich

This city is the capital of the state of Bayern or Bavaria and the third largest city of Germany. It is considered to be one of the great cultural centers of Europe due to its exuberant atmosphere and vitality. Some of its expressing sights include the Frauenkirche- the symbol of Munich with its huge onion-domed towers that dominate the city, the Marienplatz which is a famous square in the city center of Munich, English Garden, Olympiapark, Deutsches Museum and a lot more.

The Karlstor (Charles Gate) in Munich, a gothic gate of the demolished medieval fortification and the rondell buildings on both sides next to the gate (constructed by Gabriel von Seidl 1899-1902).
taken during my visit last August 2010.

Munich is surrounded with fascinating landscapes. You might want to take a trekking trip at the Bavarian Alps. How about a visit to the famous fairy-tale castle of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the Neuschwanstein Castle located in Schwangau. It is not so far from Munich.

Munich is simply one of my favorite cities in Germany.

Wiesbaden

I thought before that Frankfurt is the capital city of the German State Hesse until I visited Wiesbaden last November 2010. This city is very famous for its spas. It is one of the oldest spa towns in Europe. Its name literally means “meadow baths”. If you like saunaing and wellness you really have to plan one day for relaxing at the Kaiser-Friedrich Therme in the city center. This old spa (clothing free) lets you feel like Caesar with its old roman frescoes and its four saunas, swimming pool and whirlpools. Enjoy it!

The fountain in front of the Kurhaus in Wiesbaden. Taken during my visit last November 2010.

Don’t miss to visit the Kurhaus, the most attractive building in Wiesbaden.

There are still a lot of interesting and charming capital cities to visit in Germany. Watch it out in my future posts.

 

Summer Getaway 2011

Autumn, winter and spring are over and summer is finally here! Just like me, some of you might had already booked your summer holiday and some are still on the process of planning it. Sometimes it is just hard to plan for a vacation especially when we have to consider the budget, place to spend it and might be worst when you are not given a vacation leave from work. I am quite sure some of you are done booking it. Whether it is a family holiday, cruise trip, relaxing vacation at the beach, weekend city break or simply touring a certain city or country, I suggest you need to plan it ahead of time to avoid stress and to save time and money as well.

There are a lot of beautiful places in this world and each and every place has its own charm and uniqueness to offer to its guests and visitors. Here are some of the places I wish to spend for my summer getaway this year or maybe in the near future.

Sweden

Are you familiar with the European country that houses the Nobel Prize committee except for the Nobel peace prize? It is no other than Sweden. This country is a member of the European Union since 1995 but they did not join the European Monetary Union and the euro currency. It is also the largest of the Nordic countries in Northern Europe.

Why do you think that spending a holiday in Sweden is worth it? I heard from a friend in Sweden that it is a country that is great for outdoor life. Depending on the season, skiing, hiking, cycling and canoeing are only some of the outdoor activities that you can enjoy when visiting Sweden. If you love shopping and night life, Stockholm, its capital city and Gothenburg are the best ones to go.

You don’t have to worry about your travel safety in Sweden. It has a low crime rate and is generally a safe place to travel.

Cape Town

This city in South Africa is not only a famous travel destination for European people but also from different tourists from all parts of the globe. No wonder, it is the most popular tourist destination in Africa. Spending a holiday in Cape Town is a good choice not only because of its natural setting but also because of its good climate and well-developed infrastructure. Don’t miss to visit its popular tourist attraction like the Table Mountain, the so-called Cape Point or maybe a drive along Chapman’s Peak Drive. You might also want to take a hike up to Signal Hill to have a great view of Table Mountain and City Bowl.

I believed Cape Town is truly a wonderful place to visit during summer holidays.

Las Vegas, Nevada

You love shopping and entertainment? Las Vegas is one of the best place to go in this planet. Being the Entertainment Capital of the World, for sure you will have a lot of unforgettable, exciting and fabulous moments in this city. Its major attractions are the mega-hotels and casinos especially in Las Vegas Strip, simply called as the Strip.

The fabulous Fremont Street Experience in Las Vegas..taken during my visit last 2008.

Don’t miss to visit the famous Fremont Street Experience, watch the Fountain Show in Bellagio Lake, the Volcano Show at the Mirage, Botanical Gardens at Bellagio or maybe a walk or window shopping at the famous Fashion Show Mall or Forum Shops in Caesars Palace. These are only some things to see in Las Vegas and there are still tons of them. I love Las Vegas and hope to visit it again in the future.

I wish you all a wonderful and memorable summer holiday!

 

The Beautiful Mountains in Switzerland

We just happened to passed-by at this beautiful scenery in Switzerland. It was last April 15, 2011 when we started our trip to Italy, France and Monaco. If I am not mistaken, I took these images somewhere in St. Gallen or St. Margrethen in Switzerland…such an amazing landscape!

breathtaking view of the mountains.

passing- by the mountains in Switzerland last April 2011.
 

Holiday Wishlist 2011 and the Chalets in Austria

This is a beautiful world to travel and explore. I believed every country, big and small has always a lot of things and interesting sights to offer to its tourists and visitors. How I wish I am staying in one of the cozy villas in Barbados spending some days holiday right now. If it is only possible and when finances are available, I should not be writing here but enjoying a vacation somewhere in one corner of the world. Sad to say, I need to save money first to do that.

So far, my travel wishlist for 2011 was already planned. Some trips were done and there are still some more to come. Last February, I went for a 3-day city trip to Berlin. I also visited some places in Germany like Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Schwangau-visiting the Neuschwanstein castle, Nuremberg and so many more. I wish to witness the Venetian Mask Festival in Venice last March but the bus trip was already fully booked. Last month, me and some friends went for a 6-day trip visiting Monaco, some places in Italy like the Cinque Terre, San Remo and Pietra Ligure and the beautiful cities in France including Nice, Cannes and Menton. It was truly an awesome trip. Aside being very cheap, the owner, receptionist and hotel workers who served us during breakfast and dinner were so friendly and accommodating. It would be nicer if I am in Austrian Alps that time staying in one of the ski chalets in Austria but I am quite happy after spending that 6-day trip. It was truly worth it.

the beautiful beach in Monterosso, one of the five towns in Cinque Terre. Cinque Terre or “The Five Lands” is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site.

More about my Holiday Wishlist 2011 are listed below;

Turkey

I finally booked this morning a 10-day trip to Turkey this coming September. I am happy that hubby is finally going with me. His vacation leave request was finally approved. I wanted to visit Turkey after reading a lot of interesting and historical sights in this country. Some of it are even declared in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Some places that are included in this trip are Istanbul, Izmir, Pergamon, Ephesus, Troy, Aphrodosias and Bursa.

Poland

This is quite a last minute trip. My very good friend Joy booked this trip last Friday and we will be travelling with some other friends. This is quite a surprise trip because I really don’t know where we are going. Sometimes life is full of surprises just like this trip. I am already happy that I will be stepping very soon the land of Poland for the first time. The trip will be on Saturday May 14, 2011. We will be leaving at around 2:00 in the morning and will be backed home sometime on Sunday at dawn time. More infos to be posted once this trip is done.

Budapest, Hungary

I already inquired the travel company about this trip this morning. I asked if there are still some free seats since it is a bus trip. It is a 5-day trip and aside from Budapest some places like Vienna-the capital city of Austria, Lake Balaton (Platensee in German)-the largest lake in central Europe and one of Hungary’s tourist destination, Siofok-the capital of Balaton which is famous for its beaches and nightlife, Esztergom-also known as Ostrihom which was the capital of Hungary from the 10th till the mid-13th century and Visegrad- town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This seems to be a 5-day trip visiting three countries. Of course, a day sightseeing in Budapest is also included. The highlight of this holiday is the fireworks held every 20th of August. This date is a National Holiday in Budapest. The Open Air Summer Festival is also held from 1st June-31st August, 2011. I would probably book this trip next week. The trip will be from August 18-22, 2011.

We will also be visiting Dresden, one of the historical cities in East Germany on May 28, 2011.

There are still a lot of countries that I wish to visit this year. Depending on my budget, I will see if I can still visit some until the end of the year.